What Are Autoimmune Diseases?
The immune system is designed to protect the body from illness and infection. Sometimes the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body's healthy cells instead — this is called an autoimmune disease. Common types include rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
No one knows exactly why autoimmune disorders occur, though they tend to run in families. Women, particularly African-American, Native American, and Hispanic women, have a higher chance of developing autoimmune conditions.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary in severity and type, but commonly include:
- Muscle aches and joint pain
- Fatigue and persistent low-grade fever
- Inflammation — redness, heat, swelling, pain
- Periods of flare-ups alternating with remission
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider promptly. With over 80 types of autoimmune disease, early diagnosis is critical — many conditions share similar symptoms and require specialist evaluation.
Causes
No specific causes are currently known for most autoimmune disorders. They tend to have a genetic component and are more prevalent in certain demographic groups and in those who already have one autoimmune condition.
Diagnosis & Tests
Diagnosing an autoimmune disease can be complex and may require multiple visits. Dr. Zoeteman may order blood tests and refer you to specialists as needed to reach an accurate diagnosis as efficiently as possible.
Treatment Options
While autoimmune disorders cannot be cured, their symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and suppressing the overactive immune response. Common options include:
- Corticosteroids to reduce immune response
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy and lifestyle modifications
Prevention
There are no known preventive measures for most autoimmune disorders at this time. Early intervention and consistent management are the most effective strategies for maintaining quality of life.