What Is an Insect Sting Allergy?
An insect sting allergy occurs when the venom in a bee, wasp, or other insect stinger causes an allergic reaction ranging from mild to life-threatening. The most severe reaction — anaphylaxis — requires immediate emergency treatment and can be fatal if untreated.
Even in people without a severe allergy, being stung multiple times can cause serious illness, particularly in individuals with heart or lung conditions.
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the severity of the reaction:
- Mild — sharp burning pain at the sting site, small welt or bump, minor short-lived swelling
- Moderate — extensive redness and swelling that worsens over several days (typically resolves within a week)
- Severe (anaphylaxis) — difficulty breathing, fainting, dizziness, rapid throat or tongue swelling, hives, pale skin, chest pain, difficulty swallowing
When to See a Doctor
Seek emergency medical attention immediately for severe allergic reactions. Also see a doctor if you've been stung multiple times simultaneously or if mild/moderate symptoms persist beyond a few days.
Causes
Insect sting allergies are caused by the venom injected through the stinger of bees, wasps, hornets, or yellow jackets. The immune system identifies the venom proteins as a threat and triggers an inflammatory response.
Diagnosis & Tests
Diagnosis is typically made based on the history and severity of prior sting reactions. If you've had an allergic reaction to a sting, Dr. Zoeteman can assess your risk and develop an emergency action plan.
Treatment Options
For mild to moderate reactions, treat at home by removing the stinger with a straight-edged object (not tweezers), washing with soap and water, and applying ice wrapped in a cloth for 10-minute intervals.
For severe reactions:
- Use the person's emergency sting kit immediately if available
- Call 911 immediately
- Administer epinephrine via auto-injector (EpiPen) if prescribed
Prevention
Prevent stings by covering food outdoors, avoiding brightly colored floral clothing, keeping windows closed while driving, and removing nearby insect nests via a professional exterminator. If you have known severe allergies, always carry a prescribed emergency sting kit.