What Is a Pollen Allergy?
A pollen allergy — commonly called hay fever — is an allergic reaction to the fine powder released by trees, grasses, weeds, and flowers as they bloom. Different plants pollinate at different times of year, so symptoms vary seasonally depending on which pollens you are most sensitive to.
Spring typically brings tree and grass pollen, while fall is dominated by ragweed. Year-round sufferers may be reacting to a combination of seasonal and perennial pollen sources.
Symptoms
Pollen allergy symptoms are similar to cold symptoms and include:
- Irritated, red, itchy, or watery eyes
- Sneezing and coughing
- Nasal congestion and runny nose
- Puffy skin under the eyes and fatigue
- Headache and sore throat from postnasal drip
When to See a Doctor
If pollen allergy symptoms prevent you from working or carrying out normal activities, or if you have asthma that worsens seasonally, contact Dr. Zoeteman to discuss testing and treatment options.
Causes
Pollen allergies occur when the immune system incorrectly identifies certain pollen proteins as harmful. The sinuses and airways react with inflammation — producing congestion, sneezing, and other familiar symptoms.
Diagnosis & Tests
- Skin allergy test — common pollen allergens are applied to the skin to identify specific sensitivities
- Blood test measuring allergen-specific IgE antibodies
Treatment Options
- Allergy immunotherapy — regular desensitization injections that reduce immune sensitivity to specific pollens over time, often achieving long-term symptom relief
- Antihistamines and decongestants for daily symptom management
- Corticosteroid nasal sprays for inflammation control
- Nasal rinses to clear pollen from nasal passages
Prevention
Monitor local pollen count forecasts and reduce outdoor activity on high-count days. Keep windows closed during peak pollen hours (typically morning), wear sunglasses outdoors to protect eyes, and shower and wash hair after coming indoors to remove pollen that has settled on skin and hair.